On February 15, 2020, the video reached 1 billion views, making it his third video to reach this milestone. The video received three nominations at MTV Video Music Awards 2014 in the categories " Best Art Direction", " Best Editing", " Best Visual Effects". There are also references to The Matrix, The Walking Dead, Hellraiser and the video games Pong, Portal and Super Mario Bros. Eminem parodied Max Headroom in the music video. On November 27, 2013, as scheduled, the music video was released on Vevo at 12:00pm ET. On November 21, 2013, Eminem tweeted the trailer for the music video, directed by Rich Lee, and announced it would be released on November 27, 2013. He would perform the song at his performance at the induction ceremony, including the full "summa lumma dooma lumma" fast rapping portion of the third verse of the song. In the second verse of the song, Eminem raps about his success allowing him to speak at the induction of Run DMC into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and says ".the only hall of fame I'll be inducted in is the alcohol of fame, on the wall of shame." In 2022, he was named as a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 2022 induction class. The song entered the 2015 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records in which Eminem is commended for the most words in a hit single, "Rap God", totalling 1,560 words in 6 minutes, 3 seconds. On October 14, 2013, DVLP tweeted that the beat was two years old, made in November 2011, and that Eminem recorded the song in 2012. Joe Strange also contributed additional keyboarding and programming. The song's recording session took place at Effigy Studios in Michigan, with brothers Mike and Joe Strange working with Eminem on mixing and engineering the song. The song was co-produced with Matthew "Filthy" Delgiorno. The song's production was handled by American hip hop producer Bigram Zayas, professionally known as Develop or DVLP he has produced songs for rappers such as the Diplomats, Rick Ross and most notably Lil Wayne. Dre, DJ Yella, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Busta Rhymes, Lakim Shabazz and the 2008 Hotstylz song " Lookin Boy". Fad's 1988 song " Supersonic", Tupac Shakur, Run-DMC, Pharaohe Monch, Rakim, N.W.A, Eazy-E, Dr. Īdditional references include a conflict between Fabolous and Ray J, Heavy D & the Boyz, planking, The Walking Dead, J. Eminem references the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal in order to demonstrate his longevity as a dominant force in the rap industry, thus establishing himself as an "immortal god". The hip hop song references a line from the first Marshall Mathers LP, on the song "I'm Back", where he talks about the Columbine High School massacre, rapping "Seven kids from Columbine Put 'em all in a line, add an AK-47, a revolver, and a nine." The verse was censored when originally released, and is included in "Rap God" to test public reaction. The song was played during Eminem's inauguration into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance but lost to " i" by Kendrick Lamar. With 1,560 words, the song entered the Guinness World Records as the hit single that contains the most words. It contains references to previous conflicts in Eminem's career, as well as to other rappers' conduct. The song premiered via YouTube on October 14, 2013, and was released in the United States on October 15, 2013, as the third single from Eminem's eighth studio album, The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013). And if someone doesn’t understand that by now, I don’t think there’s anything I can do to change their mind about it." Rap God" is a song by American rapper Eminem. Well, look, I’ve been doing this shit for, what, 14 years now? And I think people know my personal stance on things and the personas that I create in my music. I kind of thought you were doing it because when you’re rapping as Slim Shady, part of your mission is to annoy people. And I don’t know how else to say this, I still look at myself the same way that I did when I was battling and broke. I’m glad we live in a time where it’s really starting to feel like people can live their lives and express themselves. But the real me sitting here right now talking to you has no issues with gay, straight, transgender, at all. And, not saying it’s wrong or it’s right, but at this point in my career – man, I say so much shit that’s tongue-in-cheek. It goes back to that battle, back and forth in my head, of wanting to feel free to say what I want to say, and then what may or may not affect people. So that word was just thrown around so freely back then. It was more like calling someone a bitch or a punk or asshole. Kimberly Perry on The Band Perry's Breakup: 'Did We Leave or Were We Kicked Out?'
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New information has been confirmed that the upcoming shooter from 343 will contain cross-progression compatibility between Xbox Series X, Xbox One and PC. Yes, crossplay compatibility is coming to Halo Infinite. Microsoft has announced that Halo Infinite will support multiplayer cross-play and cross-progression across PC (on Microsoft Store and Steam), Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S. Right now, there isnt an exact confirmed release date for the Halo Infinite campaign. Description for Microsoft Halo Infinite Xbox Seris X / Xbox One Game, Collectors Steel Book Edition, Multiplayer, Cross Generation and Cross Platform Gaming. Here is everything you need to know about crossplay methods for Halo Infinite. Source: Xbox Game Studios (Image credit: Source: Xbox Game Studios). Read more: Halo Infinite: Latest News, Release Date, Gameplay, Trailer, PC, Xbox And Everything You Need To Know That being said, they are providing some interesting new insights regarding Halo Infinite’s playability and made an announcement that will please those avid fans of the franchise. Halo 5 Guardians managed to generate more than $3 million (£2.15 million) in sales since its launch in 2015 on Xbox One, with Halo 3 being 343’s most popular game with $14.5 million (£10.4 million), according to VGChartz The game will seamlessly match players with their friends on any PC, Xbox One. Cross-Generation and Cross-Platform Gaming: Halo Infinite provides an amazing experience across the Xbox One and newer family of consoles as well as PC with stunning 4k graphics and world-class cross-platform play. 343 may be obfuscating who is using what and where to limit the tools players have to harass others.This game has always been an Xbox exclusive with PC accessibility, with Playstation players not getting a chance to play as Masterchief or Spartan. In Halo Infinite, players can participate in crossplay in the campaign. The good news is yes, Halo Infinite will support crossplay between all platforms. Your multiplayer customisation and progress follows. Halo Infinite is still too new to say for sure, but so far it seems like keyboard/mouse users have a slight advantage over controller players who are predominantly on the Xbox. It means if you play on PC, you can play with those on Xbox One and Xbox Series X and S - and vice versa. It's possible 343 intentionally hides this information from players. Neither the pre-game lobby nor the in-game scoreboard have "Xbox/PC" symbols next to usernames like they do in Battlefield 2042 or Apex Legends. Halo Infinite's crossplay is always on, but there isn't any visual signifier that the players in my lobby are on PC or Xbox. How can you tell when Halo Infinite crossplay is working? The larger Arena Ranked mode has a dropdown menu that looks like it'd let you turn crossplay off as an option, but the only option in the menu right now is to keep it on. You can choose between "Keyboard/Mouse" and "Controller." Whichever you choose, you'll only be matched with players using the same input.īe aware: Ranked Solo/Duos is currently the only mode with this feature. Cross-Generation and Cross-Platform Gaming. If you're playing Ranked as a solo player or with one friend as a duo, you'll find an option on the matchmaking screen to choose your input. halo infinite for pc xbox one xbox series xs best Price in india,buy halo infinite for pc xbox one xbox. Switch to the Friends or Recent tab to view Gamertags you can invite to your Fireteam (your party). (Image credit: Future) Does Halo Infinite have input-based matchmaking? Playing with friends using split-screen on the same Xbox console Select Multiplayer from the main menu Press Tab (on keyboard), navigate to the plus sign under Fireteam or press the view button on Xbox controller. In Ranked Solo/Duos, you can select your input with this dropdown menu on the lower left. Anodized Aluminum 6AN Male Fitting for Return Anodized Aluminum 8AN Male Fitting for Feed Permits 1-3 Surge Pumps plus 1 Lift Pump All of this happens inside the OEM gas tank. A second 24 hole deflector is used in this location further preventing air bubbles and foaming. The returning low pressure fuel from the regulator is sent back into the FST keeping it full. When a low demand for fuel is present, the canister will overflow back into the OEM sub tank.įor the high pressure pumps supplying fuel to the engine, a bespoke stainless steel triple pump mesh strainer is included for proper inlet filtration.īecause all compatible fuel pumps utilize integrated check valves, the high pressure pump outlets merge into a single 10AN billet collector. The 24 hole diverter evenly disperses fuel inside the canister preventing air bubbles and foaming. The lift pump sends low pressure (high volume) fuel in the FST through a special deflector in the bottom of the surge tank canister. The 1" check ball allows fuel into this tight area during acceleration (above) and traps fuel in during deceleration (below). Measures were taken to ensure that the lift pump always has fuel to deliver to the surge tank. It also serves as a baffle keeping the lift pump supplied with fuel. Included in the kit is a lift pump mount that snaps onto 3 sides of the OEM sub tank. This lift pump is located in the rear portion of the OEM sub tank within the Mazda gas tank. Fortunately, Mazda manufactured a gas tank with a very large bolt flange pattern (similar to the FCST) permitting various upgrading options.įor a proper FST to function, a lift pump is necessary to maintain volume within the surge tank. But after some sanctioning bodies banned externally mounted FSTs, Radium built the first production fuel cell with an integrated surge tank (FCST). Because the FD RX7 can experience high lateral Gs, it inherently suffers from fuel slosh. Electrical hardware is included for the fuel pump(s), OEM level sender, and OEM temperature sensor.Ī fuel surge tank (FST) is the best solution in preventing fuel starvation. Since 2009, Radium Engineering has been designing numerous FSTs for multiple applications. Furthermore, the high quality in-tank wiring is insulated with chemically resistant ETFE. These serviceable connections are properly sealed and impervious to all standard and exotic fuels. Nonconductive acorn nuts are provided to prevent any accidental short circuits. The custom designed stainless electrical studs easily handle the high current demand that compact bulkhead connectors lack. To reconnect the OEM feed and return hoses, barb fittings are also included. To simplify aftermarket -AN hose plumbing, the 10AN ORB threaded feed port features a low profile 8AN male fitting and the 8AN ORB threaded return port features a low profile 6AN male fitting. This system is compatible with the following fuel pumps: No grinding, bending, or modification of the trunk floor sheet metal is required. The unique integrated 1.85L surge tank completely eliminates fuel starvation. The Radium Engineering fuel surge tank hanger permits the use of 1, 2, or 3 aftermarket high pressure pumps and 1 lift pump in the stock Mazda FD RX7 fuel tank. Click here to watch an independent installation video Remember, impacts from a tropical system can and do occur miles away from the center. To view spaghetti models for all active hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons, visit the main spaghetti models page. Abrams likes Mike's: er WUSF is part of the Florida Public Radio Emergency Network, which provides up-to-the minute weather and news reports during severe weather events on radio, online and on social media for 13 Florida Public Media stations. "Rising sea surface temperatures as a result of climate change are now continuing to provide fuel for hurricanes later into the season, but other conditions need to be favorable to enable these storms to form," Stephens said. You can follow along, too, right on this page. When new storms reach tropical storm strength, they will receive the following names: What are spaghetti models? In fact, Hurricane Iota hit Nicaragua as a Category 4 hurricane on November 17, 2020.". You'd probably think having a tropical storm 10 to 50 miles off the east coast of, say, Florida or the Carolinas would be a bad thing. Mullens emphasizes that the model will absolutely change due to factors in the storm and environmental factors around the storm that are yet to be determined by the models. The Invest 94L Spaghetti model indicates a wide variance of opinion with some models taking it up toward Florida while others wanting to take it to South America. "It is therefore not unusual to see storms forming in the Caribbean at this time of year. Invest 98-L has became Tropical Depression Nine. The latest NHC Updates: There's a slow-moving tropical system in the Gulf of Mexico. This includes experimental path data based on weather models. "It is a way of quantifying the uncertainty in the forecast to identify scenarios that are plausible but are not necessarily the most likely, which is critical for planning," she said. First, read more about What are spaghetti models? When models change from run to run, this means that either the atmosphere is changing or the model does not have a good idea about what's happening, and it is usually the latter. Play solitaire and track all of the cyclocane storms at the same time at Hurricane Solitaire. Our current tropical wave to watch is Invest. Tropical Depression 7 track: Here's the latest This system is expected to reach portions of the Leeward Islands Saturday night and then the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico Sunday and Sunday night. There's a slow-moving tropical system in the Gulf of Mexico. Other extreme weather events are expected to become more frequent and more extreme as the effects of climate change increase, including heat waves, droughts, hailstorms and tornadoes. Note: Please read my privacy policy below and disclaimer. plan, and proactive measures should be initiated especially those actions Why would I want to view spaghetti models? Nicole, which was named at 4 a.m. Thank you to all of these websites for information and graphics we use on this website. This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM. A new subtropical storm, Nicole, could intensify to hurricane strength before it strikes Florida. The statistical-dynamical weather models are a little more complex. Well you've come to the right place!! Download your local site's app to ensure you're always connected to the news. A new tropical system is likely to develop in the Gulf of Mexico on Thursday, threatening Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana late this week, according to the latest forecast. Global Model Run Times And look at our special subscription offers here. These are representedon different charts, usually for individual storms. But by this point, Mullens said, you should be wrapping up your preparations. Please consult with Extreme Wind Warning: Extreme sustained winds of a major hurricane (115 mph or greater), usually associated with the eyewall, are expected to begin within an hour. The "Invest" title simple means that the area of low pressure is being investigated for the possibility of development, which provides us with some pretty spaghetti plot models to look at. Take immediate shelter in the interior portion of a well-built structure. Watches are typically issued within 48 hours before landfall. Invest 95L remains unorganized, but the National Hurricane Center said the storm is likely to impact Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana late this week regardless with heavy rainfall. Until what age does Silver Labrador maintain Blue eyes?ĭuring the initial days of birth, Silver and Chocolate Labradors have completely Blue eyes. In some cases, Silver Labradors’ eye color would change even within the first few weeks of birth, and that is completely normal. The change happens gradually, but Silver Labradors’ eyes would turn completely Brown before they turn a year old. Some Silver Labs may continue to maintain Blue eye color, but that’s one of the very rare occasions.Īs a Silver Labrador turns 4 to 6 or 8 months, its eyes start turning Brown from Blue. Silver Labradors’ Blue eyes aren’t long-lasting, and as the dog grows, their eye color change to brown. Do Blue eyes in Silver Labradors last forever? However, the Blue color inevitably turns hazel or brown as the Labrador grows. The biological fundaments are very similar between dogs and humans in terms of Blue eyes.īoth Chocolate Labradors, as well as Silver Labradors are born with Blue eyes. It is likely possible but very rare for some Silver Labradors to keep their eye color Blue for their entire life.ĭID YOU KNOW? Humans who are born with dominant genes have black or brown eyes, but the ones who carry recessive genes have Blue eyes. Yes, the Blue eye color in Silver Labradors doesn’t stay forever, and it turns brown as the dog grows. Silver Labradors are born with Blue eyes, but they do not keep their eye color the same for their entire life. And though Chocolate Labradors have a lot of differences in appearance from Silver Labs, they are quite similar in terms of eyes.ĭo Silver Labradors keep their Blue eyes? Originally Silver Labradors were Chocolate Labradors but the ones with recessive genes or ‘dilute (dd) gene.’ Chocolate Labradors who inherit two copies of recessive genes turn out to be Silver Labradors, the very rare ones. The unique Blue eyes in Silver Labradors are a result of recessive genes and a low melanin level which also correlates with their coat’s color. Some of them might even have black or grey eyes, but that’s totally an exception and very rare. Chocolate Labradors perhaps get hazel or brown eye color, whereas the Black and Yellow Labradors have predominately brown colored eyes. Usually, Labradors have hazel or brown colored eyes. This eye color isn’t common in Labradors (in general), but the Silver Labs are separately blessed with this feature. Yes, for the unknowns, Silver Labradors have captivating Blue colored eyes. Material & Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2015 in Vlore city. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of fear and anxiety related to outcome and Pap test uptake. Objective Different factors have been shown to affect women’s participation in cervical cancer screening (2.3.4). Cervical cancer, in Albania ranks as the 3rd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age (1). neurological disease and cancers) are a consequence of increased life expectancy and a major explanatory factor for increasing rates of endogenous disease.īackground Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease, but worldwide it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. Increased rates of endogenous disease (e.g. Mortality is increasingly transposed from accidental to biological, from exogenous to endogenous and from tractable to intractable causes. There has been a tenfold increase in the prevalence of Down’s syndrome and a fifty percent increase in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis consequent upon reduced mortality from these conditions and from respiratory and urinary tract infections associated with them. For instance, the life expectancy of infants with Down’s syndrome has increased by forty years since 1960, that of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis by eleven years and that of the entire population by only four years. Post-diagnostic survival in both non-fatal and fatal neurological disorders and cancers has significantly improved. Congenital disorders and chromosomal abnormalities limit life expectancy far less than in previous decades. These factors operate at both ends of the lifecycle. Conversely, low death rates diminish the selective disadvantage of individuals inherently susceptible to disease, preserving genetic and phenotypic variations and their associated ill health. High rates of mortality selectively diminish genetic and phenotypic diversity in the population, increasingly so with advancing age. Death is distinctly biased against weaker individuals. We have traded longer individual life for worsening population health through mechanisms that extend life expectancy of individuals with chronic illness by a greater proportion than healthy individuals. This paper presents a range of morbidity data, mortality rates and economic indicators to argue that whilst this may be true for individuals, population morbidity indices are deteriorating. It is widely accepted that medical and social progress has resulted in longer life and greater health, compressing morbidity into a shorter proportion of an increasing life span. Conclusion: The comparison results highlighted that peer demonstration (Group-C) and poem & gesture (Group-A) may be the most effective edutainment interventions for the Myanmar preschoolers to acquire proper hand washing knowledge and practices. Results: The total knowledge and practices scores of the preschoolers on PHW were significantly (p 0.05) between Group-A and Group-C with 0.7%. The knowledge of PHW was assessed using pre-structured questionnaires in face to face interview with the preschoolers and their practice was assessed by the checklist before and one month after the intervention. Five peers were selected from Group-C and trained them for peer demonstration for PHW in their group. Participatory style teaching–learning using poem & gesture in Group-A and 10 minutes video show in Group-B were intervened. Sixty preschoolers aged within 3-5 years and similar socio-demographic status was selected to form 3 groups (A, B and C) with 20 in each. Methods: A Quasi-experimental study was conducted at No-1, pre-primary school in Mandalay, Myanmar in 2006 to compare the effectiveness of three different edutainment interventions (poem & gesture, video show and peer demonstration) in which knowledge (why to wash, when to wash) and practices (how to wash) for PHW were included based on WHO guide lines. In the study, effectiveness of different edutainment interventions to acquire proper hand washing (PHW) knowledge and practices among Myanmar preschoolers was compared to assist in setting further health education plan for PHW which is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infections transmitted by contaminated hands. Authors: Swe, Swe Latt and Tin, Myo Han and Nwe, Nwe Oo and Than, Than Myint and Htun, Lynn Aung and Hlaing, Hlaing Hlaing Abstract: Background: Edutainment using songs, poem with gesture, finger puppet shows, video shows, games and demonstration method with audiovisual aids are mostly applied in health education activities for preschoolers. ★ Play for infinite hours, provided that you never stop playing!Ĭartoon characters from your favorite shows: ★ Card battle challenges and Guild wars are available every week for big rewards. ★ Duel other players to level up in the Arena and unlock Secret Fight Club. ★ Battle to conquer 30+ islands of story levels to win cards – can you unlock Onyx Mode? ★ Build card combos and find powerful new cards in Mom’s Mystery Box for special surprises and skins. ★ Collect and fuse to design an epic deck ★ Collect cards of your favorite characters from each and every show STEWIE, BENDER, TINA BELCHER, HANK HILL & ROGER THE ALIEN are waiting for you in this epic CCG! Come battle your way to the top in PVP duels! (**The fate of the world does not rest in your hands.) Can you rise to the top? □Ĭard battles may be digital, but the stakes are real!* The fate of the world rests in your hands!** Enter epic card wars with Bob, Linda, Tina, Louise or Gene and fight Peter or Stewie Griffin! Battle, build and upgrade your deck for a cartoon card clash.īuild a deck and join a guild with your friends, share tips and tricks through chat. PVP battles let you duel other players in strategic head-to-head card battles. FAMILY GUY, FUTURAMA, AMERICAN DAD, KING OF THE HILL and BOB’S BURGERS duke it out in Animation Throwdown’s epic CCG! If you are defeated, you will still earn points for your participation.Įarn as many points as you can to rank up and earn sweet event rewards!Ī special box will be available in the shop, offering cards or combos that are helpful for the Winter Clash.Animation Throwdown is the collectible card game that lets you collect cards and battle with characters from your favorite shows!Ĭollect cards featuring characters and moments from your favorite cartoons. In other words, the longer you win, the more challenging your opponent but the more points you will earn. Losing will cause you to drop a level (to a minimum of 1), but you will still earn points equal to the lower level. Winning will earn points based on your current challenge level, and will increase your challenge level. Players will start the event at an appropriate challenge level based on their current SFC rating. The BGE affects a variety of combos including farmable, reward, and premium card recipes.Ĭombo Mastery will also be in effect for both attackers and defenders in this event. You will be able to tap the BGE icon in-game to view the affected combos and all of their recipes. This boost increases by 10% every level thereafter. Starting at level 25, enemy cards and heroes will get a 10% boost to Health, Attack, and all Skills. The following list of combos and power cards (also pictured above) will receive a 100% boost to Attack, Health, and all skills:Īlthough the image shows Legendary versions of these combos, all recipes and Power Cards for the combos will be affected. The special BGE for this Winter Clash will focus on combos. Only players who have reached SFC can participate.There will be a special BGE that buffs specific combos.There will be no sleep delay on the opponent's first played card.The defending player (your opponent) will take the first turn.The global Battleground Effect (BGE) will not be in effect.It will have a similar format to regular Challenges, with a few twists: Winter Clash is a non-refillable PVP Challenge. Stay tuned for even more holiday updates & community activities! We may hold a similar event again in the future and will take your feedback into consideration for improvements. Read below for more info and please share your feedback before, during, and after the Winter Clash. Where other events can sometimes require a few days before the battles become challenging, we're hoping that this event is immediately engaging and inspires some new, unique deck strategies. It's designed to give players a few difficult and impactful battles each day of the event. Winter Clash is a challenge meant for later-game players who have already unlocked the Secret Fight Club (SFC). Winter Clash will begin on Tuesday, December 11 at 18:00 UTC and will end on Friday, December 14 at 18:00 UTC. We have an exciting event coming to Animation Throwdown: Winter Clash! One option is to search for them on Google Images. If you’re looking for x p backgrounds, there are a few places you can find them. Whatever the reason, they’re a great way to make your computer look unique. They can be used to help you show off your hobbies, or just show off your favorite colors. X p backgrounds are a great way to add a little bit of personality to your computer. If you’re after something a little more striking, then how about a photographic background? Just make sure that it’s high resolution so that it looks good on your desktop.Īnd finally, if you want something truly unique, you could always create your own wallpaper using an image editing program like Photoshop. If you’re looking for something a little bit different, why not try out a patterned or textured wallpaper? We’ve rounded up some of the best examples we could find to get you started. With so many different sizes, resolutions and aspect ratios, it’s hard to know where to start. There are literally thousands of wallpapers out there to choose from, but finding the perfect one for your desktop can be quite a challenge. Read on to learn more about how these amazing 5120×1440 p 329 backgrounds can take your designs to the next level! Backgrounds Whether you need a unique look for a website or an eye-catching design for a poster, these backgrounds are sure to help make your project stand out. IntroductionĪre you looking for the perfect 5120×1440 p 329 background for your next project? If so, you’ve come to the right place! We have collected some of the best 5120×1440 p 329 backgrounds from all around the web, perfect for any project. The abstract should be no more than a few sentences long. 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Although finite element analysis is commonly used for structural analysis in many fields of engineering, its application to a historical structure such as the H.L. Data for the numerical model was obtained from archaeological documentation, as well as analytical data from non-destructive evaluation and metallurgical studies. In response, project scientists have developed a finite element numerical model of the hull in its current state in an attempt to answer these questions. This new course of action has raised a number of important questions regarding the submarine’s structural integrity. Hunley submarine (1864) have now reached a point that requires mechanical rotation of the vessel’s hull. It is hoped that this study will both illustrate the problems associated with recording maritime artifacts and suggest further avenues for research and the development of strategies useful for better data collection.Ĭonservation efforts for the 40-foot-long H.L. Moreover, we intend to address the challenges of using the 3D data to reconstruct the submarine into an accurate, color 3D model. In particular, we would like to present a brief study of the effectiveness of optical scanning to record surface details, including issues of reflectivity, color, and surface darkness. Hunley, and highlight some of the specific problems and challenges encountered when employing this technology on maritime archaeological material. This paper will discuss the use of structured-light scanning on the H.L. Hunley submarine itself, as well as other artifacts kept in a wet condition, presented the team with some unique difficulties in terms of three-dimensional documentation. Using structured-light technology on the H.L. However, maritime artifacts, or artifacts from a marine environment, are necessarily stored in water or other aqueous solutions prior to completing the conservation process. High resolution 3D surface topography and integrated photographic data were considered equally necessary, suggesting an optical-based scanning system. The choice of this particular system was determined by the interests of the archaeological team and the particular research goals of the project. The second half of the exhibit focuses on the raising of the Hunley and its conservation since then, including a scaled section of the truss that lifted the vessel out of the water, a kiosk system to display the research behind discovering the crew’s identities, a lift simulation to bring the vessel out of water, and a large vitrine to house clay reproductions of the crew members.In 2008, the Warren Lasch Conservation Center acquired a Breuckmann OptoTOP-HE structured-light scanning system to begin the 3D documentation of the American Civil War submarine H.L. A custom-made crew bench behind a large crank invites them to sit and become the last Hunley crew, re-living the Final Mission through a 6 minute interactive animation. The exhibit graphics and materials contribute to the “look and feel” as the story of the Civil War and of the Hunley is told through timelines, memorabilia, and imagery.Īfter learning a little more about the sub, visitors are led into a dark theater room. When a visitor enters into the museum, they enter into pre-Civil War Charleston. Our goal was to tell the history and context surrounding the Hunley, as well as educate visitors on the ground-breaking conservation work that has been developed right on site! Collaborating closely with the Friends of the Hunley team, we designed, fabricated, and installed this educational and interactive exhibit space. Scientists and conservators have worked for fifteen years trying to solve the mystery of the Hunley. The Center is a large warehouse equipped with a special tank for the vessel and a conservation lab. Since then, the Hunley has been excavated and is in the process of being conserved in the Warren Lasch Conservation Center in North Charleston. The sub was discovered in 1995 - and later raised in 2000. During the Civil War, the Hunley became the first ever combat submarine to sink an enemy ship! It mysteriously sunk and was lost 4 miles off the coast of Charleston. Why are timing belts preferred over timing chains by manufacturers? What is there not to like from the car manufacturers perspective! But for the manufacturers, it is cheaper, quieter, and keeps the customer coming back more frequently for maintenance. Timing Chain and camshaft shown Timing Belts are Preferred to Timing Chains by Manufacturersīelts may not be preferred when you learn that you are recommended to replace it more often than a timing chain, so often times owners are happier with chains because they last longer. Ferrari used timing belts rather than chains for the performance increase that you gain from a light weight belt over a heavy chain. For example, Hyundai is much more likely to have used timing belts rather than timing chains for the reduced cost than Ferrari that has made some cars with timing belts. The reasons for using a timing belt over a timing chain may not be the same for every car model out there. Timing belts are made of cheaper materials than chains while producing much less noise making the car more marketable. Timing belts are preferred by car manufacturers to timing belts for noise, and cost. I find a wide variety of answers on the subject so hopefully after having consulted my mechanic friends with more than 30 years experience combined, I can provide a condensed helpful answer to this topic. Image credit: Exposed timing belt by Nick Nguyen ( license CC BY-SA 2.I have personally changed both timing belts and timing chains in several different models of cars, and this experience stirred some curiosity in me to find the REAL reason why cars use timing belts rather than timing chains. While the initial cost of a timing belt major service can be a bit of a shock - it is a crucial maintenance requirement to keep your vehicle running safely, reliably and at its best for years to come. The average time for this kind of repair is around the 4-5 hour mark, so expect to be without your vehicle for a complete day to allow for the job to be completed to a high quality standard. Replacing the timing belt on most cars is a time consuming exercise, as most of the front part of the engine will need to be removed to allow access, and in some cases requires removal of body panels and other components. If your vehicle requires the water pump to be replaced, check out. Replacing it while you have the timing belt off the engine will save you time and money. On most vehicles, it runs off the timing belt system and, if it fails, can cause expensive and irreparable engine damage. Water Pump The water pump is the main component of your car’s cooling system. Idler pulleys and the tensioner that the belt runs on.The replacement of the timing belt usually requires an inspection of: This can start as early as 40,000km - although most models are around the 90,000km - 150,000km mark. It is very rare for vehicles fitted with a timing chain to require repairs or replacement on this system - as it is a maintenance free design.ĭepending on the age of your vehicle, and the amount of kilometers you have travelled - the timing belt may need to be replaced. Timing chain is a roller chain design that is far more reliable. They need to be replaced at certain maintenance intervals, which are noted in the log-book for your vehicle. Timing belts are usually made of a composite based on rubber and other materials. On some cars, this system requires periodic maintenance, otherwise there could be costly implications! The two main types of timing systems are the timing belt and the timing chain. This system engages a number of components to keep your vehicle running in tip-top condition and performing as it should. One of the main parts of the modern internal combustion engine is the timing system. |
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